<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2383-4196</Issn>
      <Volume>10</Volume>
      <Issue>3</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>02</Month>
        <Day>09</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Analysis of Vertical Ground Reaction Force Data in Predicting Parkinson&#x2019;s Disease</title>
    <FirstPage>327</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>341</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Varun</FirstName>
        <LastName>Jain</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">McMaster University</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2024</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>12</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2024</Year>
        <Month>12</Month>
        <Day>29</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Background: Parkinson&#x2019;s disease (PD) is a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disorder known to negatively impair patient gait. Therefore, with gait and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) data, an association can be made between the data and Parkinson&#x2019;s disease.
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Methods: Data from 146 participants; 93 with Parkinson&#x2019;s disease and 73 without Parkinson&#x2019;s disease was obtained from a PhysioNet database for use in this article. A Fourier Analysis and several support vector machine learning models were computed in MATLAB to classify whether an individual had Parkinson&#x2019;s disease.
&#xD;

Results: From the Fourier analysis, it was determined that a statistically significant difference was present between the VGRF data of individuals with and without Parkinson&#x2019;s disease. Additionally, it was found that a Minimum Classification Error Optimized SVM machine learning model using Bayesian statistics was able to classify individuals with Parkinson&#x2019;s disease using VGRF data at an accuracy of 67.1%, and sensitivity of 80.43%.
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Conclusion: Therefore, it can be determined that vertical ground reaction force can predict Parkinson&#x2019;s Disease with considerable accuracy which could be improved with an increased number of participants.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://jbe.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/view/1427</web_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
