Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology 2383-4196 10 2 2024 01 08 223 234 Dharmendra Dubey 1Department of Community Medicine, Baba Kinaram Autonomous State Medical College, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. Pramod Mishra Medical Superintendents, Kalinga Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India. Dillip Nath Professor Emeritus in Royal School of Applied & Pure Sciences, the Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India 2024 06 10 2024 10 20  Introduction: “Low birth weight” (LBW) is defined as birth weight < 2.5 kg (2500 grams). LBW infants remain at a relatively higher risk of mortality than those with normal birth weight. This is still a major public health problem in developing countries like India. This study examines the trend and prevalence of LBW in India and its data characteristics. Methods: National Family Health Survey (N.F.H.S.) data rounds were collected from 1992-2021. The study sample included women aged 15-49 years. The logistic regression model was fitted to assess the maternal determinants affecting the birth weight among newborns. Also, the heaping pattern of the data for each round of N.F.H.S. data was analyzed. Results: The trend and prevalence of low birth weight were reported 1884 (25.2%) in the first round of the National Family Health Survey, 1859 (22.7 %) in the second, 4146 (21.5%) in the third, 35476 (18.2%) in fourth, and 38167 (18.2%) in fifth, which remains constant in comparison to the previous round. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW in India has declined over the past decades as reported in data like NFHS-I, II & III, but NFHS-IV and V are constant. Sociodemographic factors are shown as a risk factor for LBW. Data heaping is a key challenge to give the correct estimate of LBW and it is found in each round of the data set. Maternal health services are required during the gestation period to reduce LBW. https://jbe.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/view/1456