Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology 2383-4196 3 3/4 2018 07 11 106 110 EN Mohsen Akhavansepahi Associate Professor of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Bibi Leila hoseini Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Yaser Tabarai Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 10 2018 07 10 Background & Aim: Hypercalciuria is commonly observed in accompany with some conditions. Hypercalciuria can clinically present different symptoms and signs. The diagnostic methods for hypercalciuria have not yet been standardized. The presented study was accomplished with the aim to assess whether random urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) could be used as a screening tool for hypercalciuria among children with persistent asymptomatic hematuria. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study included 100 children with primary hematuria for whom both random and 24-hour urinary evaluations were performed. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to assess the correlations. Results: There was a moderate correlation between random UCa/Cr and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion (UCaE) (r = 0.511, P < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and 24-hour UCaE affected random UCa/Cr (r2 = 0.385, P < 0.001). Conclusion: 24-hour urinary analysis is preferred to random UCa/Cr. Random UCa/Cr is not appropriate for screening hypercalciuria among children with persistent asymptomatic hematuria. https://jbe.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/view/170 https://jbe.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/download/170/91