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<Articles JournalTitle="Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2383-4196</Issn>
      <Volume>7</Volume>
      <Issue>1</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>15</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Single and Multiobjective Optimal Control of Epidemic Models Involving Vaccination and  Treatment</title>
    <FirstPage>25</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>35</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Lakshmi</FirstName>
        <LastName>Sridhar</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>01</Month>
        <Day>05</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>02</Month>
        <Day>02</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Introduction: A rigorous multiobjective optimal control strategy (that does not require the use of&#xA0;weighting functions) of the epidemic models that consider vaccination and treatment strategies is presented.&#xA0;Modifications of the standard susceptible-infectious-removed, susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed,&#xA0;and the modified susceptible-infectious-removed models are dynamically optimized to minimize the&#xA0;number of infected individuals while, controlling the rate at which the individuals are vaccinated and&#xA0;treated.
&#xD;

Method:&#xA0;The optimization program, Pyomo , where the differential equations are automatically converted&#xA0;to a Nonlinear Program using the orthogonal collocation method is used for performing the dynamic&#xA0;optimization calculations. The Lagrange-Radau quadrature with three collocation points and 10 finite&#xA0;elements are chosen. The resulting nonlinear optimization problem was solved using the solver BARON&#xA0;19.3, accessed through the Pyomo-GAMS27.2 interface.&#xA0;
&#xD;

Results: The computational results how that the multiobjective optimal control profiles generated by this&#xA0;strategy are very similar to those produced when weighting functions are used.&#xA0;
&#xD;

Conclusion: The main conclusion of this work is to demonstrate that one can perform a rigorous dynamic&#xA0;optimization of epidemic models without the use of weighting functions that have the potential to produce&#xA0;some uncertainty and doubt in the results, in addition to dealing with unnecessary additional variables.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://jbe.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/view/423</web_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
