Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology 2383-4196 2 2 2016 12 26 98 103 EN Elham Ahmadnezhad National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zhaleh Abdi Department of Health Expenditure, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolhassan Safdari Department of Infectious Disease, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Farshid Fayyaz-Jahani Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research Center, Urmia, Iran Sheida Malek-Afzali Department of Environment and occupational Health center, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran Soraya Fathollahi Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 12 26 2016 12 26 Background & Aim: The aim of the study was to define the epidemiological characteristics of most important infectious diseases in Iran in recent decades. Methods & Materials: This was a situation trend analysis of infectious diseases (vector and water borne disease, and food borne diseases) in recent decades based on data availability. Three significance levels were used for Mann-Kendall test (90%, 95% and 99%). Results: The morbidities of most studied diseases had decreased in whole of the country. Unlike other diseases, coetaneous leishmaniasis had not followed the deacreasing trend. In terms of location, Khorasan-e-Shomali was followed the increasing pattern for in four out of six disaeses [malaria, leishmaniasis (coetaneous and visceral), and typhoid]. Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a significant decreasing trend of most important infectious diseases in Iran. Nevertheless, climate change is already happening and would influence the diseases trends. Hence, developing and implementing adaptation strate ies should be considered. https://jbe.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/view/84 https://jbe.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/download/84/50