The Association between Dietary Antioxidant Indices and Cardiac Disease: Baseline Data of Kharameh Cohort Study
-
Parisa Keshani
,
Maryam Jalali
,
Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari
,
Ramin Rezaeianzadeh
,
Seyed Vahid Hosseini
,
Abbas Rezaianzadeh
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Oxidative stress contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Tools for evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative characteristics of an individual’s diet as a whole may be valuable for assessing the combined effects of dietary antioxidants on health. This population-based study aimed to investigate the association between dietary antioxidants and cardiac disease.
Methods:
In this population-based cross-sectional study, 10439 individuals aged 40-70 years were recruited during 2014-2017 in Kherameh cohort study which is a part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 130 food items was used to assess the dietary intakes. Vitamin A, E, C, selenium, zinc and Manganese intakes were used to compute dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs).
Results:
The participants’ mean age was 52.1± 8.3 years. Among all, 4356 (41.7%) were overweight and 1892 (18.1%) were obese. According to the results, odds of cardiac diseases decreased by increasing DAI score (OR=0.80, Pvalue <0.001). , Odds of cardiac diseases increased by lower DAQS after adjusting for demographic variables including age, sex, BMI, Marital status and hypertension (OR=0.799, P value=0.002)
Conclusion:
The role of anti-oxidants in reducing the odds of cardiovascular disease is very important. Our results highlighted that DAQS and DAI had protective effect on the odds of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is suggested that anti-oxidants as zinc, manganese, selenium, and vitamins A, E and C should be taken through food to reduce the risk of the disease.
References
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2. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. 2020;76(25):2982-3021.
3. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(25):2982-3021.
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5. Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammmadifard N. Cardiovascular disease in Iran in the last 40 years: prevalence, mortality, morbidity, challenges and strategies for cardiovascular prevention. Archives of Iranian medicine. 2019;22(4):204-10.
6. Lorenzon dos Santos J, Schaan de Quadros A, Weschenfelder C, Bueno Garofallo S, Marcadenti A. Oxidative stress biomarkers, nut-related antioxidants, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):682.
7. Wright ME, Mayne ST, StolzenbergSolomon RZ, Li Z, Pietinen P, Taylor PR, et al. Development of a comprehensive dietary antioxidant index and application to lung cancer risk in a cohort of male smokers. American journal of epidemiology. 2004;160(1):68-76.
8. Jenkins DJ, Kitts D, Giovannucci EL, Sahye-Pudaruth S, Paquette M, Blanco Mejia S, et al. Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020;112(6):1642-52.
9. Rivas A, Romero A, Mariscal-Arcas M, Monteagudo C, López G, Ocaña-Peinado F, et al. Association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) and bone mineral densityin Spanish women. Nutricion hospitalaria. 2012;27(6):1886-93.
10. Luu HN, Wen W, Li H, Dai Q, Yang G, Cai Q, et al. Are Dietary Antioxidant Intake Indices Correlated to Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Marker Levels? ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING.
11. Wang W, Wang X, Cao S, Duan Y, Xu C, Gan D, et al. Dietary Antioxidant Indices in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adults With Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9.
12. Poustchi H, Eghtesad S, Kamangar F, Etemadi A, Keshtkar A-A, Hekmatdoost A, et al. Prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): rationale, objectives, and design. American journal of epidemiology 2018;187(4):647-55.
13. Rezazadeh A, Rashidkhani BJJons, vitaminology. The association of general and central obesity with major dietary patterns of adult women living in Tehran, Iran. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2010;56(2):132-8.
14. Zamani N, Hajifaraji M, Malekshah AF-t, Keshtkar AA, Esmaillzadeh A, Malekzadeh RJAoIm. A case-control study of the relationship between gastric cancer and meat consumption in Iran. Archives of Iranian medicine. 2013;16(6):0-.
15. Baeradeh N, Ghoddusi Johari M, Moftakhar L, Rezaeianzadeh R, Hosseini SV, Rezaianzadeh AJBCD. The prevalence and predictors of cardiovascular diseases in Kherameh cohort study: a population-based study on 10,663 people in southern Iran. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2022;22(1):1-12.
16. Mirmiran P, Esfahani FH, Mehrabi Y, Hedayati M, Azizi FJPhn. Reliability and relative validity of an FFQ for nutrients in the Tehran lipid and glucose study. Public health nutrition.2010;13(5):654-62.
17. Rezaianzadeh A, Jafari F, Sadeghi SE, Rahimikazerooni S, Bahramali E, Karami H. Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among 10663 Adults in Kherameh: A Population-Based Study. J Tehran Heart Cent.2023.
18. LuuHung N. Are dietary antioxidant intake indices correlated to oxidative stress and inflammatory marker levels? : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. BMC gastroenterology 22, no. 1 (2022): 413.
19. Bistrian BR. Modern nutrition in health and disease. LWW; 2006.
20. Tur JA, Serra-Majem L, Romaguera D, Pons AJEjon. Does the diet of the Balearic population, a Mediterranean type
diet, still provide adequate antioxidant nutrient intakes? European Journal of Nutrition.2005;44(4):204-13.
21. Shahinfar H, Shahavandi M, Jibril AT, Djafarian K, Clark CC, Shab-Bidar SJCNR. The association between dietary antioxidant quality score and cardiorespiratory fitness in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Nutrition Research2020;9(3):171
22. Aranceta J, Serra-Majem L, PérezRodrigo C, Llopis J, Mataix J, Ribas L, et al. Vitamins in Spanish food patterns: the eVe Study. Public health nutrition. 2001;4(6a):1317-
23. Vahid F, Rahmani D, Hekmatdoost AJCNE. The association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset; new findings from an incident case-control study. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2021;41:360-4.
24. Raygan F, Behnejad M, Ostadmohammadi V, Bahmani F, Mansournia MA, Karamali F, et al. Selenium supplementation lowers insulin resistance and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in patients with congestive heart failure: a randomised,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. 2018;120(1):33-40.
25. Lönn ME, Dennis JM, Stocker R. Actions of “antioxidants” in the protection against atherosclerosis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2012;53(4):863-84.
26. Liu H, Xu H, Huang KJM. Selenium in the prevention of atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms. Metallomics.
2017;9(1):21-37.
27. Beattie JH, Kwun I-SJBJoN. Is zinc deficiency a risk factor for atherosclerosis? British Journal of Nutrition 2004;91(2):177-81.
28. Langlois M, Duprez D, Delanghe J, De Buyzere M, Clement DLJC. Serum vitamin C concentration is low in peripheral arterial disease and is associated with inflammation and severity of atherosclerosis. Circulation.
2001;103(14):1863-8.
29. Dutta A, Dutta SKJJotACoN. Vitamin E and its role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis: a review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2003;22(4):258-68.
30. Bagheri B, Shokrzadeh M, Akbari N, Mokhberi V, Azizi S, Khalilian A, et al. The relationship between serum level of manganese and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2015;17(1).
31. Kris-Etherton PM, Lefevre M, Beecher G, Gross M, Keen CL, Etherton TDJARN. Bioactive compounds in nutrition and healthresearch methodologies for establishing biological function: the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids on atherosclerosis. Annu. Rev. Nutr.2004;24:511-38.
32. Ciccone MM, Cortese F, Gesualdo M, Carbonara S, Zito A, Ricci G, et al. Dietary intake of carotenoids and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cardiovascular care. Mediators of inflammation. 2013;2013.
33. Vahid F, Rahmani D, Davoodi SH. Validation of Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and investigating the relationship between DAI and the odds of gastric cancer. Nutrition & Metabolism. Nutrition & Metabolism.2020;17(1):1-9.
34. Flores-Mateo G, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E. Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;84(4):762-73.
35. Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Sanguigni V, Francomano D, Sciarretta S, et al. The role of antioxidants supplementation in clinical practice: focus on cardiovascular risk factors. Antioxidants. 2021;10(2):146.
36. Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, Flowers N, Clarke A, Stranges S. Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(1).
37. Choi S, Liu X, Pan Z. Zinc deficiency and cellular oxidative stress: prognostic implications in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2018;39(7):1120-32.
38. Giannoglou GD, Konstantinou DM, Kovatsi L, Chatzizisis YS, Mikhailidis DP. Association of reduced zinc status with angiographically severe coronary atherosclerosis: a pilot study. Angiology. 2010;61(5):449-55.
39. Knez M, Glibetic M. Zinc as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Health. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021;8.
40. Schwingshackl L, Boeing H, StelmachMardas M, Gottschald M, Dietrich S, Hoffmann G, et al. Dietary Supplements and Risk of Cause-Specific Death, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Primary Prevention Trials. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md). 2017;8(1):27-39.
41. Rambousková J, Krsková A, Slavíková M, Čejchanová M, Wranová K, Procházka B, et al. Trace elements in the blood of
institutionalized elderly in the Czech Republic. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2013;56(2):389-94.
42. Ilyas A, Shah MH. Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace metal levels in the blood of atherosclerosis patients in comparison with healthy subjects. Heliyon. 2016;2(1):e00054.
43. Chen P, Bornhorst J, Diana Neely M, Avila DSJOm, longevity c. Mechanisms and disease pathogenesis underlying metal-induced oxidative stress. Hindawi; 2018.
44. Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235(1):9-20.
45. Toledo-Ibelles P, Mas-Oliva J. Antioxidants in the fight against atherosclerosis: is this a dead end? Current atherosclerosis reports. 2018;20(7):1-12.
46. Loffredo L, Perri L, Di Castelnuovo A, Iacoviello L, De Gaetano G, Violi F. Supplementation with vitamin E alone is associated with reduced myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2015;25(4):354-63.
47. Karppi J, Laukkanen J, Mäkikallio T, Ronkainen K, Kurl S. Low β-carotene concentrations increase the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among Finnishmen with risk factors. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2012;22(10):921-8.
48. Liu Y, Chen H, Mu D, Li D, Zhong Y, Jiang N, et al. Association of serum retinoic acid with risk of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation research. 2016;119(4):557-63.
49. Lee I-M, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. β-Carotene supplementation and incidence of cancer and
cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1999;91(24):2102-6.
50. Vahid F, Nasiri Z, Abbasnezhad A, Moghadam EF. Antioxidant potential of diet: Association between dietary antioxidant index and odds of coronary heart disease: A case-control study. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. (Preprint):1-13.
51. Shahinfar H, Shahavandi M, Jibril AT, Djafarian K, Clark CC, Shab-Bidar S. The association between dietary antioxidant
quality score and cardiorespiratory fitness in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Nutrition Research. 2020;9(3):171.
52. Abdollahpour I, Nedjat S, Salimi Y, Mansournia MA, Vahid F, Weinstock-Guttman B. The role of dietary antioxidant index and index of nutritional quality in MS onset: finding from an Iranian population-based incident case–control study. Nutritional neuroscience. 2020:1-8.
53. Vahid F, Rahmani D, Hekmatdoost A.The association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset; new findings from an incident case-control study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2021;41:360-4.
54. parisa keshani, Mj, masomeh ghoddusi et al. The association between dietary antioxidant indices and cardiac disease: Baseline data of Kharameh cohort, 14 February 2022, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.or/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1313935/v1]
1. Organization WH. Cardiovascular diseases 2021 [Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular diseases#tab=tab_1.
2. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. 2020;76(25):2982-3021.
3. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(25):2982-3021.
4. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) 11 June 2021 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovasculardiseases-(cvds).
5. Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammmadifard N. Cardiovascular disease in Iran in the last 40 years: prevalence, mortality, morbidity, challenges and strategies for cardiovascular prevention. Archives of Iranian medicine. 2019;22(4):204-10.
6. Lorenzon dos Santos J, Schaan de Quadros A, Weschenfelder C, Bueno Garofallo S, Marcadenti A. Oxidative stress biomarkers, nut-related antioxidants, and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):682.
7. Wright ME, Mayne ST, StolzenbergSolomon RZ, Li Z, Pietinen P, Taylor PR, et al. Development of a comprehensive dietary antioxidant index and application to lung cancer risk in a cohort of male smokers. American journal of epidemiology. 2004;160(1):68-76.
8. Jenkins DJ, Kitts D, Giovannucci EL, Sahye-Pudaruth S, Paquette M, Blanco Mejia S, et al. Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020;112(6):1642-52.
9. Rivas A, Romero A, Mariscal-Arcas M, Monteagudo C, López G, Ocaña-Peinado F, et al. Association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) and bone mineral densityin Spanish women. Nutricion hospitalaria. 2012;27(6):1886-93.
10. Luu HN, Wen W, Li H, Dai Q, Yang G, Cai Q, et al. Are Dietary Antioxidant Intake Indices Correlated to Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Marker Levels? ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING.
11. Wang W, Wang X, Cao S, Duan Y, Xu C, Gan D, et al. Dietary Antioxidant Indices in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adults With Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9.
12. Poustchi H, Eghtesad S, Kamangar F, Etemadi A, Keshtkar A-A, Hekmatdoost A, et al. Prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): rationale, objectives, and design. American journal of epidemiology 2018;187(4):647-55.
13. Rezazadeh A, Rashidkhani BJJons, vitaminology. The association of general and central obesity with major dietary patterns of adult women living in Tehran, Iran. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2010;56(2):132-8.
14. Zamani N, Hajifaraji M, Malekshah AF-t, Keshtkar AA, Esmaillzadeh A, Malekzadeh RJAoIm. A case-control study of the relationship between gastric cancer and meat consumption in Iran. Archives of Iranian medicine. 2013;16(6):0-.
15. Baeradeh N, Ghoddusi Johari M, Moftakhar L, Rezaeianzadeh R, Hosseini SV, Rezaianzadeh AJBCD. The prevalence and predictors of cardiovascular diseases in Kherameh cohort study: a population-based study on 10,663 people in southern Iran. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2022;22(1):1-12.
16. Mirmiran P, Esfahani FH, Mehrabi Y, Hedayati M, Azizi FJPhn. Reliability and relative validity of an FFQ for nutrients in the Tehran lipid and glucose study. Public health nutrition.2010;13(5):654-62.
17. Rezaianzadeh A, Jafari F, Sadeghi SE, Rahimikazerooni S, Bahramali E, Karami H. Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among 10663 Adults in Kherameh: A Population-Based Study. J Tehran Heart Cent.2023.
18. LuuHung N. Are dietary antioxidant intake indices correlated to oxidative stress and inflammatory marker levels? : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. BMC gastroenterology 22, no. 1 (2022): 413.
19. Bistrian BR. Modern nutrition in health and disease. LWW; 2006.
20. Tur JA, Serra-Majem L, Romaguera D, Pons AJEjon. Does the diet of the Balearic population, a Mediterranean type
diet, still provide adequate antioxidant nutrient intakes? European Journal of Nutrition.2005;44(4):204-13.
21. Shahinfar H, Shahavandi M, Jibril AT, Djafarian K, Clark CC, Shab-Bidar SJCNR. The association between dietary antioxidant quality score and cardiorespiratory fitness in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Nutrition Research2020;9(3):171
22. Aranceta J, Serra-Majem L, PérezRodrigo C, Llopis J, Mataix J, Ribas L, et al. Vitamins in Spanish food patterns: the eVe Study. Public health nutrition. 2001;4(6a):1317-
23. Vahid F, Rahmani D, Hekmatdoost AJCNE. The association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset; new findings from an incident case-control study. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2021;41:360-4.
24. Raygan F, Behnejad M, Ostadmohammadi V, Bahmani F, Mansournia MA, Karamali F, et al. Selenium supplementation lowers insulin resistance and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in patients with congestive heart failure: a randomised,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. 2018;120(1):33-40.
25. Lönn ME, Dennis JM, Stocker R. Actions of “antioxidants” in the protection against atherosclerosis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2012;53(4):863-84.
26. Liu H, Xu H, Huang KJM. Selenium in the prevention of atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms. Metallomics.
2017;9(1):21-37.
27. Beattie JH, Kwun I-SJBJoN. Is zinc deficiency a risk factor for atherosclerosis? British Journal of Nutrition 2004;91(2):177-81.
28. Langlois M, Duprez D, Delanghe J, De Buyzere M, Clement DLJC. Serum vitamin C concentration is low in peripheral arterial disease and is associated with inflammation and severity of atherosclerosis. Circulation.
2001;103(14):1863-8.
29. Dutta A, Dutta SKJJotACoN. Vitamin E and its role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis: a review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2003;22(4):258-68.
30. Bagheri B, Shokrzadeh M, Akbari N, Mokhberi V, Azizi S, Khalilian A, et al. The relationship between serum level of manganese and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2015;17(1).
31. Kris-Etherton PM, Lefevre M, Beecher G, Gross M, Keen CL, Etherton TDJARN. Bioactive compounds in nutrition and healthresearch methodologies for establishing biological function: the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids on atherosclerosis. Annu. Rev. Nutr.2004;24:511-38.
32. Ciccone MM, Cortese F, Gesualdo M, Carbonara S, Zito A, Ricci G, et al. Dietary intake of carotenoids and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cardiovascular care. Mediators of inflammation. 2013;2013.
33. Vahid F, Rahmani D, Davoodi SH. Validation of Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and investigating the relationship between DAI and the odds of gastric cancer. Nutrition & Metabolism. Nutrition & Metabolism.2020;17(1):1-9.
34. Flores-Mateo G, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E. Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;84(4):762-73.
35. Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Sanguigni V, Francomano D, Sciarretta S, et al. The role of antioxidants supplementation in clinical practice: focus on cardiovascular risk factors. Antioxidants. 2021;10(2):146.
36. Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, Flowers N, Clarke A, Stranges S. Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(1).
37. Choi S, Liu X, Pan Z. Zinc deficiency and cellular oxidative stress: prognostic implications in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2018;39(7):1120-32.
38. Giannoglou GD, Konstantinou DM, Kovatsi L, Chatzizisis YS, Mikhailidis DP. Association of reduced zinc status with angiographically severe coronary atherosclerosis: a pilot study. Angiology. 2010;61(5):449-55.
39. Knez M, Glibetic M. Zinc as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Health. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021;8.
40. Schwingshackl L, Boeing H, StelmachMardas M, Gottschald M, Dietrich S, Hoffmann G, et al. Dietary Supplements and Risk of Cause-Specific Death, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Primary Prevention Trials. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md). 2017;8(1):27-39.
41. Rambousková J, Krsková A, Slavíková M, Čejchanová M, Wranová K, Procházka B, et al. Trace elements in the blood of
institutionalized elderly in the Czech Republic. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2013;56(2):389-94.
42. Ilyas A, Shah MH. Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace metal levels in the blood of atherosclerosis patients in comparison with healthy subjects. Heliyon. 2016;2(1):e00054.
43. Chen P, Bornhorst J, Diana Neely M, Avila DSJOm, longevity c. Mechanisms and disease pathogenesis underlying metal-induced oxidative stress. Hindawi; 2018.
44. Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M. Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235(1):9-20.
45. Toledo-Ibelles P, Mas-Oliva J. Antioxidants in the fight against atherosclerosis: is this a dead end? Current atherosclerosis reports. 2018;20(7):1-12.
46. Loffredo L, Perri L, Di Castelnuovo A, Iacoviello L, De Gaetano G, Violi F. Supplementation with vitamin E alone is associated with reduced myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2015;25(4):354-63.
47. Karppi J, Laukkanen J, Mäkikallio T, Ronkainen K, Kurl S. Low β-carotene concentrations increase the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among Finnishmen with risk factors. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2012;22(10):921-8.
48. Liu Y, Chen H, Mu D, Li D, Zhong Y, Jiang N, et al. Association of serum retinoic acid with risk of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation research. 2016;119(4):557-63.
49. Lee I-M, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. β-Carotene supplementation and incidence of cancer and
cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1999;91(24):2102-6.
50. Vahid F, Nasiri Z, Abbasnezhad A, Moghadam EF. Antioxidant potential of diet: Association between dietary antioxidant index and odds of coronary heart disease: A case-control study. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. (Preprint):1-13.
51. Shahinfar H, Shahavandi M, Jibril AT, Djafarian K, Clark CC, Shab-Bidar S. The association between dietary antioxidant
quality score and cardiorespiratory fitness in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. Clinical Nutrition Research. 2020;9(3):171.
52. Abdollahpour I, Nedjat S, Salimi Y, Mansournia MA, Vahid F, Weinstock-Guttman B. The role of dietary antioxidant index and index of nutritional quality in MS onset: finding from an Iranian population-based incident case–control study. Nutritional neuroscience. 2020:1-8.
53. Vahid F, Rahmani D, Hekmatdoost A.The association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset; new findings from an incident case-control study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2021;41:360-4.
54. parisa keshani, Mj, masomeh ghoddusi et al. The association between dietary antioxidant indices and cardiac disease: Baseline data of Kharameh cohort, 14 February 2022, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.or/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1313935/v1]
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| Issue | Vol 8 No 4 (2022) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i4.13358 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Keywords: Antioxidants Cardiac disease Dietary intake Dietary antioxidant index Dietary antioxidant quality | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Keshani P, Jalali M, Ghoddusi Johari M, Rezaeianzadeh R, Hosseini SV, Rezaianzadeh A. The Association between Dietary Antioxidant Indices and Cardiac Disease: Baseline Data of Kharameh Cohort Study. JBE. 2022;8(4):465-477.
