Articles

Risk factors related to congenital hypothyroidism: Systematic review and Meta-analysis

Risk factors related to Congenital Hypothyroidism

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital endocrine disorders have a global impact on the morbidity and mortality of children and are a public health problem that heavily affects society and the daily lives of affected children and their families. The severity and consequences of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) on physical and especially cerebral maturation combined with lifetime mental retardation make CH neonatal screening one of the costliest preventive health programs. Thus, early diagnosis can improve the prognosis of the disease. The objective of the study is to examine CH’s risk factors reported in previous studies.

Methods: Meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA checklist. PUBMED, Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Springer were analyzed using R version 4.0.3. For further review, we assessed eligibility analysis to identify influential studies.   

Results: Of 63 studies, 22 studies were suitable for synthesis. Based on this review, risk factors related to CH were birth weight, age of pregnancy, female sex, home environment, notion of inbreeding, seasonality, multiple pregnancy, gestational diabetes, parity, advanced maternal age, parental thyroid disease, gestational diabetes, ethnicity, maternal body mass index (BMI), and socio-economic status.

Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that the risk factors related to CH vary by country and even by inter-region according to geographical, genetic, and socioeconomic specificities.

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IssueVol 10 No 3 (2024) QRcode
SectionArticles
Keywords
Congenital hypothyroidism; Risk factors; Neonatal screening; Epidemiological studies.
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1.
Boumehdi B, Latifa M, Noureddine E, Mohamed C, Sofia E, Milouda C. Risk factors related to congenital hypothyroidism: Systematic review and Meta-analysis. JBE. 2025;10(3):273-280.