Estimating Causal Effect of Two-Dose COVID-19 Vaccination on Hospitalization
A Propensity Score Matching Approach
,
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of two-dose COVID-19 vaccination in reducing hospitalization, accounting for complex confounding factors in observational studies.
Methods: Researchers applied propensity score methods to adjust for confounding variables, comparing their performance to traditional covariate adjustment methods. Multiple Logistic Regression and Propensity Score Matching were employed to analyze the data, ensuring a balanced comparison between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.
Results: Both analytical methods demonstrated a significant reduction in the likelihood of hospitalization among vaccinated individuals. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) were 0.29 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.31) via logistic regression and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.34) using propensity score matching.
Conclusions: The study confirms the effectiveness of two-dose COVID-19 vaccination in decreasing hospitalization. It highlights the importance of using meticulous approaches like propensity score methods to assess real-world impacts in complex observational data settings.
1. Austin PC. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate behavioral research. 2011;46(3):399-424.
2. Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika. 1983;70(1):41-55.
3. Elze MC, Gregson J, Baber U, Williamson E, Sartori S, Mehran R, et al. Comparison of propensity score methods and covariate adjustment: evaluation in 4 cardiovascular studies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(3):345-57.
4. Austin PC, Stuart EA. Estimating the effect of treatment on binary outcomes using full matching on the propensity score. Statistical methods in medical research. 2017;26(6):2505- 25.
5. Haas EJ, Angulo FJ, McLaughlin JM, Anis E, Singer SR, Khan F, et al. Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data. The Lancet. 2021;397(10287):1819-29.
6. Stoliaroff-Pepin A, Peine C, Herath T, Lachmann J, Perriat D, Dörre A, et al. Effectiveness of vaccines in preventing hospitalization due to COVID-19: A multicenter hospital-based case-control study, Germany, June 2021 to January 2022. Vaccine. 2023;41(2):290-3.
7. Simmons AE, Amoako A, Grima AA, Murison KR, Buchan SA, Fisman DN, et al. Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases between May 2021 and January 2022 in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2023;18(3):e0283715.
8. Britton A. Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against COVID-19–associated 131 Vol 10 No 1 (2024) Estimating Causal Effect of Two-Dose COVID-19 Vaccination ... Taherizadeh M et al. hospitalizations among immunocompromised adults during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron predominance—VISION Network, 10 states, December 2021—August 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022;71
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v10i1.17158 | |
| Keywords | ||
| propensity score matching causal effect observational study logistic regression | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
