Epidemiological Study of The Physical Ability to Practice Physical Education in Children with School Pathologies
Physical inactivity in students with pathologies
Abstract
Introduction: The term "school pathologies" encompasses two distinct categories of health disorders: those that are caused or exacerbated by a lack of physical activity, and those that predominantly affect children of school age. This study employs an epidemiological approach to examine the physical aptitude of students in relation to their capacity to engage in physical education and sports (PE) classes. Our approach is based on an analysis of 93,870 medical records.
Methods: The survey is comprised of four distinct sections. The initial stage of the analysis entails an examination of the prevalence of confirmed impairments among school-aged children. Secondly, an evaluation of the physical aptitude to engage in physical education will be conducted. Thirdly, an analysis of the physical inaptitude of students to participate in physical education will be conducted.
Results: The results indicated a range of prevalence rates for various diagnosed and confirmed impairments, though no notable differences were observed between the sexes. Similarly, the majority of respondents attended school in urban areas (64.38%), and the most prevalent age group in this study was 16-18 years (59.59%;p<.05). In contrast, a prevalence of 40.20% of students with SEN (or 3.93‰ of the diagnosed population who are totally unfit for physical practice in PE) has been observed. However, this figure varies according to the types and characteristics of impairment. Three children with one type of impairment out of 1,000 pupils are unfit, which engenders physical inactivity at school due to medical restrictions. This phenomenon is not influenced by gender; however, it differs between geographical areas and age groups. This indicates a correlation between urbanization and age-related changes in physical disability and inactivity.
Conclusion: This study underscores the necessity of monitoring the physical activity of students with SEN, whether at school or elsewhere, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of well-being.
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2 Agard B, Zeng N, McCloskey ML, Johnson SL, Bellows LL. Moving Together: Understanding Parent Perceptions Related to Physical Activity and Motor Skill Development in Preschool Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, Vol 18, Page 9196 2021; 18: 9196.
3 Alecu A, Boțilă V, Cojanu F. Effects of Recreational Activities Nautical Sports in Leisure on the Strengthening of Motor Skills in Children of School Age. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series IX: Sciences of Human Kinetics 2021; 14(63): 119–124.
4 Lai B, Lee E, Kim Y, Matthews C, Swanson-Kimani E, Davis D et al. Leisure-time physical activity interventions for children and adults with cerebral palsy: a scoping review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63: 162–171.
5 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. Promoting Inclusion and Well-Being Through Inclusive Physical Education and Parasports: an Approach for Adolescents with Motor Impairment. Physical Education Theory and Methodology 2025; 25: 130–138.
6 Rocher M, Silva B, Cruz G, Bentes R, Lloret J, Inglés E. Benefits of Outdoor Sports in Blue Spaces. The Case of School Nautical Activities in Viana do Castelo. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, Vol 17, Page 8470 2020; 17: 8470.
7 Carbone PS, Smith PJ, Lewis C, LeBlanc C. Promoting the Participation of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities in Sports, Recreation, and Physical Activity. Pediatrics 2021; 148. doi:10.1542/PEDS.2021-054664/183444.
8 Lobelo F, Muth ND, Hanson S, Nemeth BA, LaBella CR, Brooks MA et al. Physical Activity Assessment and Counseling in Pediatric Clinical Settings. Pediatrics 2020; 145. doi:10.1542/PEDS.2019-3992.
9 Direction des Curricula. L’education inclusive au profit des enfants en situation de handicap : Guide pour les enseignants. 2019https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/Documents/dc/guide-enseignants-fr.pdf (accessed 26 Mar2023).
10 National Center on Health Physical Activity and Disability. Discover Inclusive School Wellness Guide. 2017.https://www.nchpad.org/1505/6469/Discover~Inclusive~School~Wellness~Guide (accessed 26 Mar2023).
11 Direction de la strategie des statistiques et de la Planification. Receuil Statistique de l’Education. 2023https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/chafafiya/Pages/statistiques.aspx (accessed 4 Feb2024).
12 World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: version for children and adolescents. 2012https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/81988/?sequence=1 (accessed 11 Aug2023).
13 van der Walt J, Plastow NA, Unger M. Prevalence of motor skill impairment among Grade R learners in the West Coast District of South Africa. S Afr J Educ 2020; 40: 1–8.
14 Tsai C-F, Guo H-R, Tseng Y-C, Lai D-C. Sex and Geographic Differences in the Prevalence of Reported Childhood Motor Disability and Their Trends in Taiwan. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 1–7.
15 Ipsen C, Ward B, Myers A. Events Across the Life Course Contribute to Higher Mobility Impairment Rates in Rural U.S. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences 2022; 3. doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.863716.
16 Jiang Y, Han X, Qiu N, Du M, Zhao L. Identifying Urban–Rural Disparities and Associated Factors in the Prevalence of Disabilities in Tianjin, China. Land (Basel) 2023; 12. doi:10.3390/land12081480.
17 Daouas A, Abdelaziz A Ben, Zanina Y, Yahia F, Hassine D Ben, Melki S et al. Epidemiologie du syndrome metabolique en Tunisie. Etude HSHS* 5. Tunis Med 2022; 100: 592.
18 Vanhelst J, Béghin L, Drumez E, Baudelet J-B, Labreuche J, Chapelot D et al. Condition physique des enfants et adolescents en France de 2009 à 2013 et prevalence du risque de maladie cardiovasculaire a l’age adulte – le programme « Bouge… Une priorité pour ta santé ». Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016; 64: 219–228.
19 Haute Autorité de Santé. Prise en charge du 1er épisode de bronchiolite aigue chez le nourrisson de moins de 12 mois. 2019.https://www.has-sante.fr/jcms/p_3118113/fr/prise-en-charge-du-1er-episode-de-bronchiolite-aigue-chez-le-nourrisson-de-moins-de-12-mois (accessed 26 Mar2024).
20 Association Sante Respiratoire France. Des adolescents decedent encore aujourd’hui d’une crise d’asthme aigue grave. 2023.https://sante-respiratoire.com/des-adolescents-decedent-encore-aujourdhui-dune-crise-dasthme-aigue-grave/ (accessed 26 Mar2024).
21 Jorns-Presentati A, Napp AK, Dessauvagie AS, Stein DJ, Jonker D, Breet E et al. The prevalence of mental health problems in sub-Saharan adolescents: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251689.
22 World Health Organization. Adolescent mental health. 2021.https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health (accessed 26 Mar2024).
23 Jorns-Presentati A, Napp AK, Dessauvagie AS, Stein DJ, Jonker D, Breet E et al. The prevalence of mental health problems in sub-Saharan adolescents: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251689.
24 Coulibaly SP, Dolo H, Notue CAM, Sangaré M, Mounkoro PP, Aboubacar A et al. Hospital epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Mali. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41: 160.
25 Cabinet A3D Consulting. Enquete Handicap a Djibouti 2017 : Version 1.4.1. 2017https://rodra.co.za/images/countries/djibouti/research/Enquete%20SEAS%20sur%20le%20handicap%202017.pdf (accessed 13 Jul2024).
26 Direction de la recherche des études. Le handicap en chiffres. 2023https://drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2023-04/Handicap2023EMB.pdf (accessed 29 Mar2024).
27 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. Pour une Inclusion Physique Radicale : L’Urgence d’une Education Physique et Sportive Adaptee ! 2024.https://hal.science/hal-04596000 (accessed 21 Jun2024).
28 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. The Influence of School Pathologies on the Feeling of Pedagogical Incompetence in Teaching Inclusive Physical Education. Physical Education Theory and Methodology 2024; 24: 626–634.
29 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. Defining the Effect of Teachers’ Medical History on their Inclusive Teaching Practice: Analyzing Feelings of Competence and Knowledge in Inclusive Physical Education. Physical Education Theory and Methodology 2024; 24: 777–783.
30 Grémy I. Le sport : nouvelle therapeutique des maladies chroniques du XXIe siècle ? Actualité et dossier en santé publique 2021; N° 114: 1–1.
31 Carré F, Grémy I, Duclos M, Moro C, Freyssenet D, Boiché J et al. Activité physique et maladies chroniques : quels effets et dans quel cadre ? ADSP 2021; 114: 13–25.
32 Haute Autorité de santé. Guide des connaissances sur l’activite physique et la sédentarite. 202229/03/2024https://www.has-sante.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2022-08/guide_connaissance_ap_sedentarite_vf.pdf.
33 OCDE. L’activité physique des élèves et leurs habitudes alimentaires. 2018, pp 193–212.
34 ANSSAET. (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation de l’environnement et du travail) Inactivite physique et sédentarite chez les jeunes : l’Anses alerte les pouvoirs publics. 2020.https://www.anses.fr/fr/content/inactivit%C3%A9-physique-et-s%C3%A9dentarit%C3%A9-chez-les-jeunes-l%E2%80%99anses-alerte-les-pouvoirs-publics (accessed 29 Mar2024).
35 Tlili H, Joncheray H. L’activité physique, la sédentarité et l’impact sur la santé des jeunes- Projet École Active : diagnostic scientifique et recommandations. 2016https://www.play-international.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/Etude_Ecole_Active.pdf (accessed 29 Mar2024).
2 Agard B, Zeng N, McCloskey ML, Johnson SL, Bellows LL. Moving Together: Understanding Parent Perceptions Related to Physical Activity and Motor Skill Development in Preschool Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, Vol 18, Page 9196 2021; 18: 9196.
3 Alecu A, Boțilă V, Cojanu F. Effects of Recreational Activities Nautical Sports in Leisure on the Strengthening of Motor Skills in Children of School Age. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series IX: Sciences of Human Kinetics 2021; 14(63): 119–124.
4 Lai B, Lee E, Kim Y, Matthews C, Swanson-Kimani E, Davis D et al. Leisure-time physical activity interventions for children and adults with cerebral palsy: a scoping review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63: 162–171.
5 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. Promoting Inclusion and Well-Being Through Inclusive Physical Education and Parasports: an Approach for Adolescents with Motor Impairment. Physical Education Theory and Methodology 2025; 25: 130–138.
6 Rocher M, Silva B, Cruz G, Bentes R, Lloret J, Inglés E. Benefits of Outdoor Sports in Blue Spaces. The Case of School Nautical Activities in Viana do Castelo. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, Vol 17, Page 8470 2020; 17: 8470.
7 Carbone PS, Smith PJ, Lewis C, LeBlanc C. Promoting the Participation of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities in Sports, Recreation, and Physical Activity. Pediatrics 2021; 148. doi:10.1542/PEDS.2021-054664/183444.
8 Lobelo F, Muth ND, Hanson S, Nemeth BA, LaBella CR, Brooks MA et al. Physical Activity Assessment and Counseling in Pediatric Clinical Settings. Pediatrics 2020; 145. doi:10.1542/PEDS.2019-3992.
9 Direction des Curricula. L’education inclusive au profit des enfants en situation de handicap : Guide pour les enseignants. 2019https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/Documents/dc/guide-enseignants-fr.pdf (accessed 26 Mar2023).
10 National Center on Health Physical Activity and Disability. Discover Inclusive School Wellness Guide. 2017.https://www.nchpad.org/1505/6469/Discover~Inclusive~School~Wellness~Guide (accessed 26 Mar2023).
11 Direction de la strategie des statistiques et de la Planification. Receuil Statistique de l’Education. 2023https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/chafafiya/Pages/statistiques.aspx (accessed 4 Feb2024).
12 World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: version for children and adolescents. 2012https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/81988/?sequence=1 (accessed 11 Aug2023).
13 van der Walt J, Plastow NA, Unger M. Prevalence of motor skill impairment among Grade R learners in the West Coast District of South Africa. S Afr J Educ 2020; 40: 1–8.
14 Tsai C-F, Guo H-R, Tseng Y-C, Lai D-C. Sex and Geographic Differences in the Prevalence of Reported Childhood Motor Disability and Their Trends in Taiwan. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 1–7.
15 Ipsen C, Ward B, Myers A. Events Across the Life Course Contribute to Higher Mobility Impairment Rates in Rural U.S. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences 2022; 3. doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.863716.
16 Jiang Y, Han X, Qiu N, Du M, Zhao L. Identifying Urban–Rural Disparities and Associated Factors in the Prevalence of Disabilities in Tianjin, China. Land (Basel) 2023; 12. doi:10.3390/land12081480.
17 Daouas A, Abdelaziz A Ben, Zanina Y, Yahia F, Hassine D Ben, Melki S et al. Epidemiologie du syndrome metabolique en Tunisie. Etude HSHS* 5. Tunis Med 2022; 100: 592.
18 Vanhelst J, Béghin L, Drumez E, Baudelet J-B, Labreuche J, Chapelot D et al. Condition physique des enfants et adolescents en France de 2009 à 2013 et prevalence du risque de maladie cardiovasculaire a l’age adulte – le programme « Bouge… Une priorité pour ta santé ». Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016; 64: 219–228.
19 Haute Autorité de Santé. Prise en charge du 1er épisode de bronchiolite aigue chez le nourrisson de moins de 12 mois. 2019.https://www.has-sante.fr/jcms/p_3118113/fr/prise-en-charge-du-1er-episode-de-bronchiolite-aigue-chez-le-nourrisson-de-moins-de-12-mois (accessed 26 Mar2024).
20 Association Sante Respiratoire France. Des adolescents decedent encore aujourd’hui d’une crise d’asthme aigue grave. 2023.https://sante-respiratoire.com/des-adolescents-decedent-encore-aujourdhui-dune-crise-dasthme-aigue-grave/ (accessed 26 Mar2024).
21 Jorns-Presentati A, Napp AK, Dessauvagie AS, Stein DJ, Jonker D, Breet E et al. The prevalence of mental health problems in sub-Saharan adolescents: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251689.
22 World Health Organization. Adolescent mental health. 2021.https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health (accessed 26 Mar2024).
23 Jorns-Presentati A, Napp AK, Dessauvagie AS, Stein DJ, Jonker D, Breet E et al. The prevalence of mental health problems in sub-Saharan adolescents: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251689.
24 Coulibaly SP, Dolo H, Notue CAM, Sangaré M, Mounkoro PP, Aboubacar A et al. Hospital epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Mali. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41: 160.
25 Cabinet A3D Consulting. Enquete Handicap a Djibouti 2017 : Version 1.4.1. 2017https://rodra.co.za/images/countries/djibouti/research/Enquete%20SEAS%20sur%20le%20handicap%202017.pdf (accessed 13 Jul2024).
26 Direction de la recherche des études. Le handicap en chiffres. 2023https://drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2023-04/Handicap2023EMB.pdf (accessed 29 Mar2024).
27 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. Pour une Inclusion Physique Radicale : L’Urgence d’une Education Physique et Sportive Adaptee ! 2024.https://hal.science/hal-04596000 (accessed 21 Jun2024).
28 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. The Influence of School Pathologies on the Feeling of Pedagogical Incompetence in Teaching Inclusive Physical Education. Physical Education Theory and Methodology 2024; 24: 626–634.
29 Ben Rakaa O, Bassiri M, Lotfi S. Defining the Effect of Teachers’ Medical History on their Inclusive Teaching Practice: Analyzing Feelings of Competence and Knowledge in Inclusive Physical Education. Physical Education Theory and Methodology 2024; 24: 777–783.
30 Grémy I. Le sport : nouvelle therapeutique des maladies chroniques du XXIe siècle ? Actualité et dossier en santé publique 2021; N° 114: 1–1.
31 Carré F, Grémy I, Duclos M, Moro C, Freyssenet D, Boiché J et al. Activité physique et maladies chroniques : quels effets et dans quel cadre ? ADSP 2021; 114: 13–25.
32 Haute Autorité de santé. Guide des connaissances sur l’activite physique et la sédentarite. 202229/03/2024https://www.has-sante.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2022-08/guide_connaissance_ap_sedentarite_vf.pdf.
33 OCDE. L’activité physique des élèves et leurs habitudes alimentaires. 2018, pp 193–212.
34 ANSSAET. (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation de l’environnement et du travail) Inactivite physique et sédentarite chez les jeunes : l’Anses alerte les pouvoirs publics. 2020.https://www.anses.fr/fr/content/inactivit%C3%A9-physique-et-s%C3%A9dentarit%C3%A9-chez-les-jeunes-l%E2%80%99anses-alerte-les-pouvoirs-publics (accessed 29 Mar2024).
35 Tlili H, Joncheray H. L’activité physique, la sédentarité et l’impact sur la santé des jeunes- Projet École Active : diagnostic scientifique et recommandations. 2016https://www.play-international.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/Etude_Ecole_Active.pdf (accessed 29 Mar2024).
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| Issue | Vol 10 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v10i4.18522 | |
| Keywords | ||
| school health physical inactivity prevalence physical education exemption diseases | ||
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How to Cite
1.
BEN RAKAA O, BASSIRI M, LOTFI S. Epidemiological Study of The Physical Ability to Practice Physical Education in Children with School Pathologies. JBE. 2025;10(4):406-420.
