Multilevel Modeling on the Anemia status of Women in Ethiopia
,
Abstract
Introduction: Anemia is the most common public problem caused by nutritional deficiency diseases among
women of reproductive age. The main objective of this study was determining the regional variation and
associated factors of anemia status among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 14,489 women who enrolled in Ethiopia demographic
and health survey data of 2016. Binary and multilevel logistic regression was carried out for variables to
determine associated factors with anemia status of women and its regional variations at ascertained of 5%
level. This study was used information criteria to compared candidates models.
Results: This finding shows that women who use improved source of drinking water (OR=1.98, 95%CI=1.05,
3.72), being in middle wealth index (OR=0.25, 95%CI=0.10, 0.63), being in rich wealth index (OR=0.42,
95%CI=0.19, 0.94), having age at 1st birth in 20-24 years(OR=0.24, 95%CI=0.11, 0.53), having number of
living children 1-2(OR=3.68, 95%CI=3.48, 4.98), having number of living children 3-4(OR=3.03, 95%CI=2.48,
4.05) and women who used government health center for place of delivery(OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.22, 1.70) were
significantly related to anemia status of women.
Conclusion: This finding concluded that there is a significant variation of anemia status of women between
regions in Ethiopia. Women in the middle and rich wealth index was less likely to be anemic than poor. Women
having age at 1st birth in 20-24 years and women who used government health center for place of delivery
were less likely to be anemic. But women having number of living children 1-2 and 3-4 were more likely to
be more anemic than no child. Likewise, women who use improved source of drinking water were more likely
to be anemic as compared to an unimproved source of drinking water. It is recommended that health workers
should begive attention to these proximate determinants on anemia at regional level
2. Institute, E.P.H., Ethiopia national food consumption survey. 2013, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) Addis Ababa
(Ethiopia).
3. Berhane, G., et al., Foodgrain consumption and calorie intake patterns in Ethiopia. IFPRI Ethiopia Strategy Support
Program II (ESSP II) Working Paper, 2011. 23.
4. Assefa, Y., et al., Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: successes and system-wide effects. PLoS Med, 2009.6(4): p. e1000056.
5. Chaya, N., Poor access to health Services: Ways Ethiopia is overcoming it. Res Comment, 2007. 2(2): p. 1-6.
6. Woldu, B., et al., Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sayint Adjibar
Town, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Anemia, 2020. 2020
7. Ababa, A., Central Statistical Agency.2011.
8. Stevens, G.A., et al., Global,regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and nonpregnant women for 1995–2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data. The Lancet Global Health, 2013. 1(1): p. e16-e25.
9. Lilare, R.R. and D.P. Sahoo, Prevalence of anemia and its epidemiological correlates among women of reproductive age group in an urban slum of Mumbai. Int J Community Med Public Health, 2017. 4: p. 2841-2846.
10. Subhathra, N. and M. Merlin, A study to assess the prevalence of anemia among women in a selected urban area in Coimbatore district. Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research, 2017. 6(1): p. 11-15.
11. Karki, K.B., et al., Anemia and its Determinants among Women of Reproductive Age in Mid-Western Tarai of Nepal 2015. 2016, Nepal Health Research Council.
12. Kamruzzaman, M., et al., Differentials in the prevalence of anemia among nonpregnant, ever-married women in Bangladesh: multilevel logistic regression analysis of data from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. BMC women's health, 2015.15(1): p. 54.
13. Gebre, A. and A. Mulugeta, Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in North Western zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Journal of nutrition and metabolism,
2015. 2015.
14. Mihiretie, H., et al., Magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Nekemte health center, Nekemte, Ethiopia. Journal of Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis, 2015. 4(3): p. 1.
15. Gautam, S., et al., Determining factors for the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age in Nepal: Evidence from recent national survey data. PloS one, 2019. 14(6): p. e0218288.
16. Milman, N., Anemia—still a major health problem in many parts of the world! Annals of hematology, 2011. 90(4): p. 369-377.
17. Sinha, A., G. Singh, and K. Karki Karna,Prevalence of anemia amongst adolescents in Biratnagar, Morang Dist. Nepal. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 2012. 3(5): p. 1077-1081.
18. Baral, K. and S. Onta, Prevalence of anemia amongst adolescents in Nepal: a community based study in rural and urban areas of Morang District. Nepal Med Coll J, 2009. 11(3): p. 179-182.
19. Singh, P., et al., Anemia amongst adolescent girls and boys attending outpatients and inpatient facilities in far western part of Nepal. Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2013. 5(6): p. 330-4.
20. Chalise, B., et al., Prevalence and correlates of anemia among adolescents in Nepal: Findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. PloS one, 2018. 13(12):p. e0208878.
21. Gautam, S., et al., Determining factors for the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age in Nepal: Evidence from recent national survey data. PloS one, 2019. 14(6).
22. Addis Alene, K. and A. Mohamed Dohe, Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in an urban area of Eastern Ethiopia. Anemia, 2014. 2014.
23. Balarajan, Y.S., W.W. Fawzi, and S. Subramanian, Changing patterns of social inequalities in anaemia among women in
India: cross-sectional study using nationally representative data. BMJ open, 2013. 3(3).
24. Alaofè, H., et al., Prevalence of anaemia, deficiencies of iron and vitamin A and their determinants in rural women and young children: a cross-sectional study in Kalalé district of northern Benin. Public health nutrition, 2017. 20(7): p. 1203-1213.
25. Balarajan, Y., et al., Anaemia in lowincome and middle-income countries. The lancet, 2011. 378(9809): p. 2123-2135.
26. Rammohan, A., N. Awofeso, and M.-C. Robitaille, Addressing female iron-deficiency anaemia in india: is vegetarianism the major obstacle? ISRN Public Health, 2012. 2012.
27. Akhtar, M. and I. Hassan, Severe anaemia during late pregnancy. Case reports in obstetrics and gynecology, 2012. 2012.
28. Bekele, A., M. Tilahun, and A. Mekuria, Prevalence of anemia and Its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in health institutions of Arba Minch town, Gamo Gofa Zone, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional
study. Anemia, 2016. 2016.
29. Obse, N., A. Mossie, and T. Gobena, Magnitude of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Shalla Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Ethiopian journal of health
sciences, 2013. 23(2): p. 165-173.
30. Abay, A., et al., Determinants of prenatal anemia in Ethiopia. Archives of Public Health, 2017. 75(1): p. 1-10.
31. Getahun, W., T. Belachew, and A.D. Wolide, Burden and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in southern Ethiopia: cross sectional study. BMC research notes, 2017.10(1): p. 276.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 1 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v8i1.10402 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Multilevel model nutritional Deficiency women Ethiopia demographic health survey | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
