Trends and Prevalence of Low Birth Weight in India: What Does data suggest?
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Abstract
Background: “Low birth weight” (LBW) is defined as birth weight < 2.5 kg (2500 grams). LBW infants remain at a relatively higher risk of mortality than those with normal birth weight. This is still a major public health problem in developing countries like India. This study examines the trend and prevalence of LBW in India and its data characteristics. Methods: National Family Health Survey (N.F.H.S.) data rounds were collected from 1992-2021. The study sample included women aged 15-49 years. The logistic regression model was fitted to assess the maternal determinants affecting the birth weight among newborns. Also, the heaping pattern of the data for each round of N.F.H.S. data was analyzed. Results: The trend and prevalence of low birth weight were reported 1884 (25.2%) in the first round of the National Family Health Survey, 1859 (22.7 %) in the second, 4146 (21.5%) in the third, 35476 (18.2%) in fourth, and 38167 (18.2%) in fifth, which remains constant in comparison to the previous round. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW in India has declined over the past decades as reported in data like NFHS-I, II & III, but NFHS-IV and V are constant. Sociodemographic factors are shown as a risk factor for LBW. Data heaping is a key challenge to give the correct estimate of LBW and it is found in each round of the data set. Maternal health services are required during the gestation period to reduce the LBW and.
Reference
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1. Dubey, D. K., & Nath, D. C. (2017). Measurement issues of low birth weight in India. Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 3(2), 31–40. https://jbe.tums. ac.ir/index.php/jbe/article/view/171.
2. Khan, N., Mozumdar, A., & Kaur, S. (2020). Determinants of low birth weight in India: An investigation from the National Family Health Survey. American Journal of Human Biology, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23355.
3. Kundu, R.N., Ghosh, A., Chhetri, B. et al. Regional with urban–rural variation in low birth weight and its determinants of Indian children: findings from National Family Health Survey 5 data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 23, 616 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884- 023-05934-6.
4. Dubey, D. K., & Nath, D. C. (2019). Regional Models Assessing Region-Specific Determinants of Low Birth Weight in India. Current Science, 116(10), 1674. https://doi. org/10.18520/cs/v116/i10/1674-1682.
5. Nair, P., Wadhva, S., Ukey, U., Narlawar, U., & Dabir, A. (2023). Maternal determinants of low birth weight- a record-based study from a tertiary care centre in central India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 10(2), 795–798. https://doi. org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230240.
6. Sahoo, T., Anand, P., Verma, A., Saksena, M., Sankar, M. J., Thukral, A., Agarwal, R., Deorari, A., & Paul, V. K. (2020). Outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants from a birth cohort (2013–2018) in a tertiary care unit in North India. Journal of Perinatology, 40(5), 743–749. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41372-020-0604-6. 233 Vol 10 No 2 (2024) Trends and Prevalence of Low Birth Weight in India ... Kumar Dubey D et al.
7. Zaveri, A., Paul, P., Saha, J., Barman, B., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Maternal determinants of low birth weight among Indian children: Evidence from the National Family Health Survey-4, 2015-16. PloS One, 15(12), e0244562. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0244562.
8. Banerjee, A., Sen, S., Khan, J., Pal, M., & Bharati, P. (2022). Decadal change in the association between the status of young mother’s Body Mass Index and anaemia with child low birth weight in India. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 147. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04486-5.
9. Bhagat A K, Mehendale A M, Muneshwar K N (February 02, 2024) Factors Associated With Low Birth Weight Among the Tribal Population in India: A Narrative Review. Cureus 16(2): e53478. doi:10.7759/cureus.53478.
10. Bhat, B. V., & Adhisivam, B. (2013). Trends and Outcome of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Infants in India. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 80(1), 60–62. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12098-012-0922-6.
11. Unisa, S., Dhillon, P., Anand, E., Sahoo, H., & Agarwal, P. K. (2022). Data quality of birthweight reporting in India: Evidence from cross-sectional surveys and service statistics. SSM - Population Health, 19, 101220. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101220.
12. DK Dubey, DC Nath (2016). Prevalence of low birth weight and its change due to heaping problem in collected data on birth weight. Asian J Soc Sci Human 5 (1), 183-90.
13. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ORC Macro. 2000. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1), 1992–93: India. Mumbai: IIPS.
14. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ORC Macro. 2000. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998–99: India. Mumbai: IIPS.
15. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2007. National Family Health Survey (NFHS 3), 2005–06: India: Volume I. Mumbai: IIPS.
16. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. 2017. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India. Mumbai: IIPS.
17. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. 2021. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019-21: India. Mumbai: IIPS.
18. Dubey, D. K., & Nath, D. C. (2016). An Epidemiological Model Investigating the Association between Mothers Nutritional Status and Low Birth Weight in India. Health, 8(3), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.4236/ health.2016.83027.
19. Blencowe, H., Krasevec, J., De Onis, M., Black, R. E., An, X., Stevens, G. A., Borghi, E., Hayashi, C., Estevez, D., Cegolon, L., Shiekh, S., Ponce Hardy, V., Lawn, J. E., & Cousens, S. (2019). National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 7(7), e849–e860. https:// 234 Vol 10 No 2 (2024) Trends and Prevalence of Low Birth Weight in India ... Kumar Dubey D et al. doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30565-5.
20. Roy, A., Akter, Z. M., & Biswas, D. C. (2021). Trends in prevalence of low-birth weight babies in India. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 8(10), 1725. https:// doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213738.
21. Scaria, L., Soman, B., George, B., Ahamed, Z., Hariharan, S., & Jeemon, P. (2022). Determinants of very low birth weight in India: The National Family Health Survey – 4. Wellcome Open Research, 7, 20. https://doi. org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17463.2.
22. Rana, M. J., Kim, R., Ko, S., Dwivedi, L. K., James, K. S., Sarwal, R., & Subramanian, S. V. (2022). Small area variations in low birth weight and small size of births in India. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 18(3). https://doi. org/10.1111/mcn.13369.
23. Singh, D., Manna, S., Barik, M., Rehman, T., Kanungo, S., & Pati, S. (2023). Prevalence and correlates of low birth weight in India: findings from national family health survey 5. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05726-y.
24. Janani Suraksha Yojana. (2023). https:// www.nhm.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&level= 3&sublinkid=841&lid=309.
25. Janani-Shishu Suraksha Karyakram. (2023). https://www.nhm.gov.in/index1.php?l ang=1&level=3&sublinkid=842&lid=308.
26. Launch of Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK). (2023). Accessed: February 23, 2023: https://www.nipi-cure. org/launch-of-navjaat-shishu-suraksha karyakram.php.
27. Bansal SC, Nimbalkar SM, Shah NA, Shrivastav RS, Phatak AG: Evaluation of knowledge and skills of home based newborn care among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA). Indian Pediatr. 2016, 53:689-91. 10.1007/s13312-016-0911-3.
28. World Health Organization. Every newborn action plan. (2023). Accessed: February 20, 2023: https://www.who.int/initiatives/every newborn-action-plan
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| Issue | Vol 10 No 2 (2024): summer | |
| Section | Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v10i2.17638 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Low birth weight NFHS Trend Heaping India | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Dubey D, Mishra P, Nath D, Nath D. Trends and Prevalence of Low Birth Weight in India: What Does data suggest?. JBE. 2024;10(2):223-234.
