Relationship Between Shift Work and Lipid Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study with Application of Ordinal Multilevel Modeling
Abstract
Introduction:A very limited evidences are available that considered the relationship between Shift Work (SW) and lipid variables.
Objectives: As the importance of this subject, this prospectively cohort study examines the association between SW and Body Mass Index (BMI) and lipid profiles among male workers using multilevel ordinal model
Methods: This five years prospective cohort study has been conducted in random selected workers (using cluster sampling) who work in Esfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company (EMSC) (Iran) between 2011 and 2015.
Results: The study sample included 1626 male workers (mean age=41.5). Among these subjects, 652 (40.01%), 183 (11.3%) and 791 (48.6%) were day workers, weekly rotating shift workers and routinely rotating. After controlling for several confounding variables, except HDL and Cholesterol, the odds ratio for high HDL was decreased by 26% (OR=0.74, P<0.001) and increased for TG by 36% in weekly rotating shift workers compared to day workers.
Conclusion: Since weekly rotating shift workers had higher mean value of TG in their serum compared to day workers, they should limit eating high-fat diets in order to decrease risk of CVD.
1.Kelly, B.B. and V. Fuster, Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world: a critical challenge to achieve global health. 2010: National Academies Press.
2.Azizi, F., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Sozial-und präventivmedizin, 2002. 47(6): p. 408-426.
3.Imanipour, M., S. Bassampour, and H. Haghani, Relationship between Preventive Behaviors and Knowledge Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases. Hayat, 2008. 14(2).
4.Smith, S.C., et al., AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006. 47(10): p. 2130-2139.
5.Crouch, R., Perception, knowledge & awareness of coronary heart disease among rural Australian women 25 to 65 years of age–a descriptive study. 2008.
6.Asare-Anane, H., et al., Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema. BMC Res Notes, 2015. 8: p. 798.
7.Kantermann, T., et al., The direction of shift-work rotation impacts metabolic risk independent of chronotype and social jetlag – An exploratory pilot study. Chronobiology International, 2014. 31(10): p. 1139-1145.
8.Karlsson, B.H., et al., Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work. Results of the WOLF study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2003. 76(6): p. 424-30.
9.Guo, Y., et al., Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers. PLoS One, 2015. 10(3): p. e0120632.
10.Alefishat, E. and R. Abu Farha, Is Shift Work Associated with Lipid Disturbances and Increased Insulin Resistance? Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2015. 13(9): p. 400-5.
11.Akbari, H., et al., Evaluation of the effect of shift work on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2015. 17(1): p. e18723.
12.Suwazono, Y., et al., Estimation of the benchmark duration of alternating shift work associated with increased total cholesterol levels 1.Kelly, B.B. and V. Fuster, Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world: a critical challenge to achieve global health. 2010: National Academies Press.
2.Azizi, F., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Sozial-und präventivmedizin, 2002. 47(6): p. 408-426.
3.Imanipour, M., S. Bassampour, and H. Haghani, Relationship between Preventive Behaviors and Knowledge Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases. Hayat, 2008. 14(2).
4.Smith, S.C., et al., AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006. 47(10): p. 2130-2139.
5.Crouch, R., Perception, knowledge & awareness of coronary heart disease among rural Australian women 25 to 65 years of age–a descriptive study. 2008.
6.Asare-Anane, H., et al., Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema. BMC Res Notes, 2015. 8: p. 798.
7.Kantermann, T., et al., The direction of shift-work rotation impacts metabolic risk independent of chronotype and social jetlag – An exploratory pilot study. Chronobiology International, 2014. 31(10): p. 1139-1145.
8.Karlsson, B.H., et al., Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work. Results of the WOLF study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2003. 76(6): p. 424-30.
9.Guo, Y., et al., Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers. PLoS One, 2015. 10(3): p. e0120632.
10.Alefishat, E. and R. Abu Farha, Is Shift Work Associated with Lipid Disturbances and Increased Insulin Resistance? Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2015. 13(9): p. 400-5.
11.Akbari, H., et al., Evaluation of the effect of shift work on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2015. 17(1): p. e18723.
12.Suwazono, Y., et al., Estimation of the benchmark duration of alternating shift work associated with increased total cholesterol levels among male Japanese workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2010. 36(2): p. 142-9.
13.Uetani, M., et al., The influence of being overweight on the relationship between shift work and increased total cholesterol level. Ann Epidemiol, 2011. 21(5): p. 327-35.
14.Barbadoro, P., et al., Rotating shift-work as an independent risk factor for overweight Italian workers: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2013. 8(5): p. e63289.
15.Bekkers, M.B., et al., Relationship of night and shift work with weight change and lifestyle behaviors. J Occup Environ Med, 2015. 57(4): p. e37-44.
16.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Relationship between shift work and obesity a retrospective cohort study. Journal Mil Med, 2012. 14(2): p. 93-97.
17.Su, T.C., et al., Elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate variability and incomplete blood pressure recovery after a 12-hour night shift work. J Occup Health, 2008. 50(5): p. 380-6.
18.Virkkunen, H., et al., Shift work, occupational noise and physical workload with ensuing development of blood pressure and their joint effect on the risk of coronary heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2007. 33(6): p. 425-34.
19.Gholami-Fesharaki, M., et al., Multicenter historical cohort study of the relationship between shift work and blood pressure. ARYA Atheroscler, 2014. 10(6): p. 287-91.
20.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Using Bayesian Multilevel Modeling for Determining the Relationship between Shift work and Blood Pressure during a Retrospective longitudinal Study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology (IJE), 2013. 8(4): p. 1-8.
21.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Historical cohort study of shift work and blood pressure. Occup Med (Lond), 2014. 64(2): p. 109-12.
22.Luke, A.D., Multilevel Modeling (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences). 2004: A sage university paper series.
23.Goldstein, H., Handbook of Multilevel Analysis. 2008, New York: Springer.
24.Jamie, K. and L. Lillie, Shift work and circadian rhythm disorders. Sleep psychiatry, 2004. 1(2): p. 97-104
1.Kelly, B.B. and V. Fuster, Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world: a critical challenge to achieve global health. 2010: National Academies Press.
2.Azizi, F., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Sozial-und präventivmedizin, 2002. 47(6): p. 408-426.
3.Imanipour, M., S. Bassampour, and H. Haghani, Relationship between Preventive Behaviors and Knowledge Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases. Hayat, 2008. 14(2).
4.Smith, S.C., et al., AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006. 47(10): p. 2130-2139.
5.Crouch, R., Perception, knowledge & awareness of coronary heart disease among rural Australian women 25 to 65 years of age–a descriptive study. 2008.
6.Asare-Anane, H., et al., Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema. BMC Res Notes, 2015. 8: p. 798.
7.Kantermann, T., et al., The direction of shift-work rotation impacts metabolic risk independent of chronotype and social jetlag – An exploratory pilot study. Chronobiology International, 2014. 31(10): p. 1139-1145.
8.Karlsson, B.H., et al., Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work. Results of the WOLF study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2003. 76(6): p. 424-30.
9.Guo, Y., et al., Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers. PLoS One, 2015. 10(3): p. e0120632.
10.Alefishat, E. and R. Abu Farha, Is Shift Work Associated with Lipid Disturbances and Increased Insulin Resistance? Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2015. 13(9): p. 400-5.
11.Akbari, H., et al., Evaluation of the effect of shift work on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2015. 17(1): p. e18723.
12.Suwazono, Y., et al., Estimation of the benchmark duration of alternating shift work associated with increased total cholesterol levels among male Japanese workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2010. 36(2): p. 142-9.
13.Uetani, M., et al., The influence of being overweight on the relationship between shift work and increased total cholesterol level. Ann Epidemiol, 2011. 21(5): p. 327-35.
14.Barbadoro, P., et al., Rotating shift-work as an independent risk factor for overweight Italian workers: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2013. 8(5): p. e63289.
15.Bekkers, M.B., et al., Relationship of night and shift work with weight change and lifestyle behaviors. J Occup Environ Med, 2015. 57(4): p. e37-44.
16.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Relationship between shift work and obesity a retrospective cohort study. Journal Mil Med, 2012. 14(2): p. 93-97.
17.Su, T.C., et al., Elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate variability and incomplete blood pressure recovery after a 12-hour night shift work. J Occup Health, 2008. 50(5): p. 380-6.
18.Virkkunen, H., et al., Shift work, occupational noise and physical workload with ensuing development of blood pressure and their joint effect on the risk of coronary heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2007. 33(6): p. 425-34.
19.Gholami-Fesharaki, M., et al., Multicenter historical cohort study of the relationship between shift work and blood pressure. ARYA Atheroscler, 2014. 10(6): p. 287-91.
20.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Using Bayesian Multilevel Modeling for Determining the Relationship between Shift work and Blood Pressure during a Retrospective longitudinal Study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology (IJE), 2013. 8(4): p. 1-8.
21.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Historical cohort study of shift work and blood pressure. Occup Med (Lond), 2014. 64(2): p. 109-12.
22.Luke, A.D., Multilevel Modeling (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences). 2004: A sage university paper series.
23.Goldstein, H., Handbook of Multilevel Analysis. 2008, New York: Springer.
24.Jamie, K. and L. Lillie, Shift work and circadian rhythm disorders. Sleep psychiatry, 2004. 1(2): p. 97-104.
25.Smith, L., et al., Work shift duration: a review comparing eight hour and 12 hour shift systems. Occupational and environmental medicine, 1998. 55(4): p. 217-229.
26.Ika, K., et al., Shift work and diabetes mellitus among male workers in Japan: does the intensity of shift work matter. Acta Med Okayama, 2013. 67(1): p. 25-33.
27.Morikawa, Y., et al., Relationship between shift work and onset of hypertension in a cohort of manual workers. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1999: p. 100-104.
28.Tenkanen, L., et al., Shift work, occupation and coronary heart disease over 6 years of follow-up in the Helsinki Heart Study. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1997: p. 257-265.
29.Knutsson, A., et al., Increased risk of ischaemic heart disease in shift workers. The Lancet, 1986. 328(8498): p. 89-92.
30.Romon, M., et al., Increased triglyceride levels in shift workers. The American journal of medicine, 1992. 93(3): p. 259-262.
31.Theorell, T. and T. Åkerstedt, Day and night work: changes in cholesterol, uric acid, glucose and potassium in serum and in circadian patterns of urinary catecholamine excretion. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1976. 200(1‐6): p. 47-53.
32.Ghiasvand, M., et al., Shift working and risk of lipid disorders: a cross-sectional study. Lipids in health and disease, 2006. 5(1): p. 1.
33.Ha, M. and J. Park, Shiftwork and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Journal of occupational health, 2005. 47(2): p. 89-95.
34.Dochi, M., et al., Relationship between shift work and hypercholesterolemia in Japan. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2008: p. 33-39.
35.Bøggild, H. and A. Knutsson, Shift work, risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1999: p. 85-99.
36.Inoue, M., et al., Influence of differences in their jobs on cardiovascular risk factors in male blue-collar shift workers in their fifties. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 2004. 10(3): p. 313-318.
2.Azizi, F., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Sozial-und präventivmedizin, 2002. 47(6): p. 408-426.
3.Imanipour, M., S. Bassampour, and H. Haghani, Relationship between Preventive Behaviors and Knowledge Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases. Hayat, 2008. 14(2).
4.Smith, S.C., et al., AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006. 47(10): p. 2130-2139.
5.Crouch, R., Perception, knowledge & awareness of coronary heart disease among rural Australian women 25 to 65 years of age–a descriptive study. 2008.
6.Asare-Anane, H., et al., Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema. BMC Res Notes, 2015. 8: p. 798.
7.Kantermann, T., et al., The direction of shift-work rotation impacts metabolic risk independent of chronotype and social jetlag – An exploratory pilot study. Chronobiology International, 2014. 31(10): p. 1139-1145.
8.Karlsson, B.H., et al., Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work. Results of the WOLF study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2003. 76(6): p. 424-30.
9.Guo, Y., et al., Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers. PLoS One, 2015. 10(3): p. e0120632.
10.Alefishat, E. and R. Abu Farha, Is Shift Work Associated with Lipid Disturbances and Increased Insulin Resistance? Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2015. 13(9): p. 400-5.
11.Akbari, H., et al., Evaluation of the effect of shift work on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2015. 17(1): p. e18723.
12.Suwazono, Y., et al., Estimation of the benchmark duration of alternating shift work associated with increased total cholesterol levels 1.Kelly, B.B. and V. Fuster, Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world: a critical challenge to achieve global health. 2010: National Academies Press.
2.Azizi, F., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Sozial-und präventivmedizin, 2002. 47(6): p. 408-426.
3.Imanipour, M., S. Bassampour, and H. Haghani, Relationship between Preventive Behaviors and Knowledge Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases. Hayat, 2008. 14(2).
4.Smith, S.C., et al., AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006. 47(10): p. 2130-2139.
5.Crouch, R., Perception, knowledge & awareness of coronary heart disease among rural Australian women 25 to 65 years of age–a descriptive study. 2008.
6.Asare-Anane, H., et al., Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema. BMC Res Notes, 2015. 8: p. 798.
7.Kantermann, T., et al., The direction of shift-work rotation impacts metabolic risk independent of chronotype and social jetlag – An exploratory pilot study. Chronobiology International, 2014. 31(10): p. 1139-1145.
8.Karlsson, B.H., et al., Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work. Results of the WOLF study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2003. 76(6): p. 424-30.
9.Guo, Y., et al., Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers. PLoS One, 2015. 10(3): p. e0120632.
10.Alefishat, E. and R. Abu Farha, Is Shift Work Associated with Lipid Disturbances and Increased Insulin Resistance? Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2015. 13(9): p. 400-5.
11.Akbari, H., et al., Evaluation of the effect of shift work on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2015. 17(1): p. e18723.
12.Suwazono, Y., et al., Estimation of the benchmark duration of alternating shift work associated with increased total cholesterol levels among male Japanese workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2010. 36(2): p. 142-9.
13.Uetani, M., et al., The influence of being overweight on the relationship between shift work and increased total cholesterol level. Ann Epidemiol, 2011. 21(5): p. 327-35.
14.Barbadoro, P., et al., Rotating shift-work as an independent risk factor for overweight Italian workers: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2013. 8(5): p. e63289.
15.Bekkers, M.B., et al., Relationship of night and shift work with weight change and lifestyle behaviors. J Occup Environ Med, 2015. 57(4): p. e37-44.
16.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Relationship between shift work and obesity a retrospective cohort study. Journal Mil Med, 2012. 14(2): p. 93-97.
17.Su, T.C., et al., Elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate variability and incomplete blood pressure recovery after a 12-hour night shift work. J Occup Health, 2008. 50(5): p. 380-6.
18.Virkkunen, H., et al., Shift work, occupational noise and physical workload with ensuing development of blood pressure and their joint effect on the risk of coronary heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2007. 33(6): p. 425-34.
19.Gholami-Fesharaki, M., et al., Multicenter historical cohort study of the relationship between shift work and blood pressure. ARYA Atheroscler, 2014. 10(6): p. 287-91.
20.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Using Bayesian Multilevel Modeling for Determining the Relationship between Shift work and Blood Pressure during a Retrospective longitudinal Study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology (IJE), 2013. 8(4): p. 1-8.
21.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Historical cohort study of shift work and blood pressure. Occup Med (Lond), 2014. 64(2): p. 109-12.
22.Luke, A.D., Multilevel Modeling (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences). 2004: A sage university paper series.
23.Goldstein, H., Handbook of Multilevel Analysis. 2008, New York: Springer.
24.Jamie, K. and L. Lillie, Shift work and circadian rhythm disorders. Sleep psychiatry, 2004. 1(2): p. 97-104
1.Kelly, B.B. and V. Fuster, Promoting cardiovascular health in the developing world: a critical challenge to achieve global health. 2010: National Academies Press.
2.Azizi, F., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Sozial-und präventivmedizin, 2002. 47(6): p. 408-426.
3.Imanipour, M., S. Bassampour, and H. Haghani, Relationship between Preventive Behaviors and Knowledge Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases. Hayat, 2008. 14(2).
4.Smith, S.C., et al., AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006. 47(10): p. 2130-2139.
5.Crouch, R., Perception, knowledge & awareness of coronary heart disease among rural Australian women 25 to 65 years of age–a descriptive study. 2008.
6.Asare-Anane, H., et al., Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa processing company, Tema. BMC Res Notes, 2015. 8: p. 798.
7.Kantermann, T., et al., The direction of shift-work rotation impacts metabolic risk independent of chronotype and social jetlag – An exploratory pilot study. Chronobiology International, 2014. 31(10): p. 1139-1145.
8.Karlsson, B.H., et al., Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work. Results of the WOLF study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2003. 76(6): p. 424-30.
9.Guo, Y., et al., Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers. PLoS One, 2015. 10(3): p. e0120632.
10.Alefishat, E. and R. Abu Farha, Is Shift Work Associated with Lipid Disturbances and Increased Insulin Resistance? Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2015. 13(9): p. 400-5.
11.Akbari, H., et al., Evaluation of the effect of shift work on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2015. 17(1): p. e18723.
12.Suwazono, Y., et al., Estimation of the benchmark duration of alternating shift work associated with increased total cholesterol levels among male Japanese workers. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2010. 36(2): p. 142-9.
13.Uetani, M., et al., The influence of being overweight on the relationship between shift work and increased total cholesterol level. Ann Epidemiol, 2011. 21(5): p. 327-35.
14.Barbadoro, P., et al., Rotating shift-work as an independent risk factor for overweight Italian workers: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2013. 8(5): p. e63289.
15.Bekkers, M.B., et al., Relationship of night and shift work with weight change and lifestyle behaviors. J Occup Environ Med, 2015. 57(4): p. e37-44.
16.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Relationship between shift work and obesity a retrospective cohort study. Journal Mil Med, 2012. 14(2): p. 93-97.
17.Su, T.C., et al., Elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate variability and incomplete blood pressure recovery after a 12-hour night shift work. J Occup Health, 2008. 50(5): p. 380-6.
18.Virkkunen, H., et al., Shift work, occupational noise and physical workload with ensuing development of blood pressure and their joint effect on the risk of coronary heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2007. 33(6): p. 425-34.
19.Gholami-Fesharaki, M., et al., Multicenter historical cohort study of the relationship between shift work and blood pressure. ARYA Atheroscler, 2014. 10(6): p. 287-91.
20.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Using Bayesian Multilevel Modeling for Determining the Relationship between Shift work and Blood Pressure during a Retrospective longitudinal Study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology (IJE), 2013. 8(4): p. 1-8.
21.Gholami Fesharaki, M., et al., Historical cohort study of shift work and blood pressure. Occup Med (Lond), 2014. 64(2): p. 109-12.
22.Luke, A.D., Multilevel Modeling (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences). 2004: A sage university paper series.
23.Goldstein, H., Handbook of Multilevel Analysis. 2008, New York: Springer.
24.Jamie, K. and L. Lillie, Shift work and circadian rhythm disorders. Sleep psychiatry, 2004. 1(2): p. 97-104.
25.Smith, L., et al., Work shift duration: a review comparing eight hour and 12 hour shift systems. Occupational and environmental medicine, 1998. 55(4): p. 217-229.
26.Ika, K., et al., Shift work and diabetes mellitus among male workers in Japan: does the intensity of shift work matter. Acta Med Okayama, 2013. 67(1): p. 25-33.
27.Morikawa, Y., et al., Relationship between shift work and onset of hypertension in a cohort of manual workers. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1999: p. 100-104.
28.Tenkanen, L., et al., Shift work, occupation and coronary heart disease over 6 years of follow-up in the Helsinki Heart Study. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1997: p. 257-265.
29.Knutsson, A., et al., Increased risk of ischaemic heart disease in shift workers. The Lancet, 1986. 328(8498): p. 89-92.
30.Romon, M., et al., Increased triglyceride levels in shift workers. The American journal of medicine, 1992. 93(3): p. 259-262.
31.Theorell, T. and T. Åkerstedt, Day and night work: changes in cholesterol, uric acid, glucose and potassium in serum and in circadian patterns of urinary catecholamine excretion. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1976. 200(1‐6): p. 47-53.
32.Ghiasvand, M., et al., Shift working and risk of lipid disorders: a cross-sectional study. Lipids in health and disease, 2006. 5(1): p. 1.
33.Ha, M. and J. Park, Shiftwork and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Journal of occupational health, 2005. 47(2): p. 89-95.
34.Dochi, M., et al., Relationship between shift work and hypercholesterolemia in Japan. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2008: p. 33-39.
35.Bøggild, H. and A. Knutsson, Shift work, risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1999: p. 85-99.
36.Inoue, M., et al., Influence of differences in their jobs on cardiovascular risk factors in male blue-collar shift workers in their fifties. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 2004. 10(3): p. 313-318.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5 No 4 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v5i4.3871 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Ordinal logistic regression Multilevel analysis Shift work Cholesterol HDL LDL TG | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Kousehlou A, Gholami-Fesharaki M. Relationship Between Shift Work and Lipid Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study with Application of Ordinal Multilevel Modeling. JBE. 2020;5(4):304-309.
