Analysis of the Pattern of Poisoning in Patients Admitted to a Large Teaching Hospital in Iran
Abstract
Introduction:Poisoning is one of the most common causes of hospital admission. This study aims at 1- to determine the characteristics of poisoning, 2-to discover the relationship of the patients’ characteristics, and 3- to suggest a pattern of characteristics of poisoning.
MethodS:
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, characteristics’ of patients with poisoning were extracted from the hospital information system (HIS) in a large teaching hospital. Gender, type of admission, the priority of admission, type of referral, cause of referral, insurance organization, age, and month of referral were the variables extracted. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS software version 21.
Results
Of the 15204 patients included in this analysis, 55.2% of the patients were men. Also, 68.5% had non-urgent triage level, and the cause of the 60.7% of the poisoning was medication overdose. Most of the patients (86.2%) aged from 30 to 20 years with the most frequent referral in May, June, July, and August. According to logistic regression results, gender, type of admission, type of referral, cause of referral, insurance organization, age, and referral month has a statistically significant effect on triage level.
Conclusion:
The use of preventive measures from the occurrence of poisoning is necessary for the country because this problem occurs due to the lack of awareness about its causative factors. Regarding the more prevalence of intentional poisoning, the necessary steps are needed to be taken to identify the Psychological causes and prevent suicide in at-risk groups.
1. Van Hoving DJ, Veale DJ, Müller GF. Clinical Review: Emergency management of acute poisoning. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2011 Jun 1;1(2):69-78.
2.Sawalha AF, Sweileh WM, Tufaha MT, Al‐Jabi DY. Analysis of the pattern of acute poisoning in patients admitted to a governmental hospital in Palestine. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2010 Nov;107(5):914-8.
3. Bateman DN. The epidemiology of poisoning. Medicine. 2012 Feb 1;40(2):42-5.
4.Mehrpour O, Zamani N, Brent J, Abdollahi M. A tale of two systems: poisoning management in Iran and the United States5. Jailkhani SM, Naik JD, Thakur MS, Langare SD, Pandey VO. Retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol. 2014;10(2):365-8.
6. Alinejad S, Zamani N, Abdollahi M, Mehrpour O. A narrative review of acute adult poisoning in Iran. Iranian journal of medical sciences. 2017 Jul;42(4):327.
7. Sobhani AR, Shojaii-Tehrani H, Nikpour E, Noroozi-Rad N. Drug and chemical poisoning in northern Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2000 Jan 1;3(2):32-6.
8. Ghane T, Behmanesh Y, Khazaei F. Annual Report of Recorded Phone Calls to Iran's Drug and Poison Information Centers (2014-2015). Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2015 Sep 1;4(3):97-101.
9. World Health Organization. Guidelines for poison control. Van Hoving DJ, Veale DJ, Müller GF. Clinical Review: Emergency management of acute poisoning. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2011 Jun 1;1(2):69-78.
10.Kwon WY, Rhee JE, Gang HS, Shin SD, Cho JH, Song HG, Suh GJ. Triage method for out-of-hospital poisoned patients. Journal of Korean medical science. 2007 Apr 1;22(2):336-41.
11.Jayaweera D, Mitter S, Grouse A, Strachan L, Murphy M, Douglass D, Gerlach L, Gunja N. A comparison of emergency triage scales in triaging poisoned patients. Australasian emergency nursing journal. 2014 Nov 1;17(4):184-9.
12. Bateman DN. The epidemiology of poisoning. Medicine. 2012 Feb 1;40(2):42-5.10
13.Freund RJ, Wilson WJ, Sa P. Regression analysis. Elsevier; 2006 May 30.
14.Uyanık GK, Güler N. A study on multiple linear regression analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013 Dec 10;106:234-40.
15. Bullard MJ, Unger B, Spence J, Grafstein E. Revisions to the Canadian emergency department triage and acuity scale (CTAS) adult guidelines. Cjem. 2008;10(2):136-51.
16.Gasparim AZ, Fontes CE, Rossoni DF, Toledo MJ. Epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with Chagas disease in the Central-North area of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Revista da SociedadeBrasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2018 Apr;51(2):225-30.
17. Chan YC, Fung HT, Lee CK, Tsui SH, Ngan HK, Sy MY, Tse ML, Kam CW, Wong GC, Tong HK, Lit AC. A prospective epidemiological study of acute poisoning in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2005 Jul;12(3):156-61.
18. Patil A, Peddawad R, Verma VC, Gandhi H. Profile of acute poisoning cases treated in a tertiary care hospital: a Study in Navi Mumbai. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2014 Mar 1;3(1):36-40.
19.Bari MS, Chakraborty SR, Alam MM, Qayyum JA, Hassan N, Chowdhury FR. Four-year study on acute poisoning cases admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh: emerging trend of poisoning in commuters. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2014 Dec 1;3(4):152-6.
20. Maleki M, Shaikhi N. Epidemiology of adult poisoning in Talegani hospital of Urmia 1383-1386. Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. 2010 Jul 10;8(2):0-.
21. Torkashvand F, SheikhFathollahi M, Shamsi S, Kamali M, Rezaeian M. Evaluating the pattern of acute poisoning in cases referred to the Emergency Department of Ali-ebn Abi Taleb Hospital of Rafsanjan from October 2013 to September 2014. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;14(4):311-24.
22.Aryaie M, Dokoohaki R, RezaeianMehrabadi A, Bakhsha F. Epidemiological Study of Poisoning in Teaching Hospitals in Shiraz in 1387. Alborz University Medical Journal. 2012;1(2):71-6.
23.Islambulchilar M, Islambulchilar Z, Kargar-Maher MH. Acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Human & experimental toxicology. 2009 Apr;28(4):185-90.
24.Jailkhani SM, Naik JD, Thakur MS, Langare SD, Pandey VO. Retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol. 2014;10(2):365-8.
25.Azin SA, Omidvari S, Ebadi M, Montazeri A. Self poisoning with suicidal intent--Part 2. Payesh health monitor. 2008;7(2):107-14.
26. Soltaninejad K, Shadnia S. Lead poisoning in opium abuser in Iran: A systematic review. International journal of preventive medicine. 2018;9.
27. Shadnia S, Esmaily H, Sasanian G, Pajoumand A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Abdollahi M. Pattern of acute poisoning in Tehran-Iran in 2003. Human & experimental toxicology. 2007 Sep;26(9):753-6.
28. Moradi M, Ghaemi K, Mehrpour O. A hospital base epidemiology and pattern of acute adult poisoning across Iran: a systematic review. Electronic physician. 2016 Sep;8(9):2860.
29..Mehrpour O, Akbari A, Jahani F, Amirabadizadeh A, Allahyari E, Mansouri B, Ng PC. Epidemiological and clinical profiles of acute poisoning in patients admitted to the intensive care unit in eastern Iran (2010 to 2017). BMC emergency medicine. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-9.
30.Gheshlaghi F, Piri-Ardakani MR, Yaraghi M, Shafiei F, Behjati M. Acute poisoning in children; a population study in Isfahan, Iran, 2008-2010. Iranian journal of pediatrics. 2013 Apr;23(2):189.
31.Dhanya SP, Dhanva TH, Latha RB, Hema CG. A retrospective analysis of the pattern of poisoning in patients admitted to Medical College hospital. Calicut Medical Journal. 2009;7(2):e3.
32. Nadeem MN, Maqdoom M, Akif ME. A Prospective Observational Study on Pattern of Poisoning Cases Reported to Emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in South India. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2020 Dec 30;13(4):1863-9.
33. Mehdizadeh G, Manouchehri AA, Zarghami A, Moghadamnia AA. Prevalence and causes of poisoning in patients admitted to ShahidBeheshti hospital of Babol in 2011-2012. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2015 Jul 10;17(7):22-8.
34.Güloglu C, Kara IH. Acute poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital emergency department in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Human & experimental toxicology. 2005 Feb;24(2):49-54.
35. Woyessa AH, Palanichamy T. Patterns, associated factors, and clinical outcomes of poisoning among poisoning cases presented to selected hospitals in Western Ethiopia: hospital-based study. Emergency medicine international. 2020 May 6;2020.
2.Sawalha AF, Sweileh WM, Tufaha MT, Al‐Jabi DY. Analysis of the pattern of acute poisoning in patients admitted to a governmental hospital in Palestine. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2010 Nov;107(5):914-8.
3. Bateman DN. The epidemiology of poisoning. Medicine. 2012 Feb 1;40(2):42-5.
4.Mehrpour O, Zamani N, Brent J, Abdollahi M. A tale of two systems: poisoning management in Iran and the United States5. Jailkhani SM, Naik JD, Thakur MS, Langare SD, Pandey VO. Retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol. 2014;10(2):365-8.
6. Alinejad S, Zamani N, Abdollahi M, Mehrpour O. A narrative review of acute adult poisoning in Iran. Iranian journal of medical sciences. 2017 Jul;42(4):327.
7. Sobhani AR, Shojaii-Tehrani H, Nikpour E, Noroozi-Rad N. Drug and chemical poisoning in northern Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2000 Jan 1;3(2):32-6.
8. Ghane T, Behmanesh Y, Khazaei F. Annual Report of Recorded Phone Calls to Iran's Drug and Poison Information Centers (2014-2015). Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2015 Sep 1;4(3):97-101.
9. World Health Organization. Guidelines for poison control. Van Hoving DJ, Veale DJ, Müller GF. Clinical Review: Emergency management of acute poisoning. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2011 Jun 1;1(2):69-78.
10.Kwon WY, Rhee JE, Gang HS, Shin SD, Cho JH, Song HG, Suh GJ. Triage method for out-of-hospital poisoned patients. Journal of Korean medical science. 2007 Apr 1;22(2):336-41.
11.Jayaweera D, Mitter S, Grouse A, Strachan L, Murphy M, Douglass D, Gerlach L, Gunja N. A comparison of emergency triage scales in triaging poisoned patients. Australasian emergency nursing journal. 2014 Nov 1;17(4):184-9.
12. Bateman DN. The epidemiology of poisoning. Medicine. 2012 Feb 1;40(2):42-5.10
13.Freund RJ, Wilson WJ, Sa P. Regression analysis. Elsevier; 2006 May 30.
14.Uyanık GK, Güler N. A study on multiple linear regression analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013 Dec 10;106:234-40.
15. Bullard MJ, Unger B, Spence J, Grafstein E. Revisions to the Canadian emergency department triage and acuity scale (CTAS) adult guidelines. Cjem. 2008;10(2):136-51.
16.Gasparim AZ, Fontes CE, Rossoni DF, Toledo MJ. Epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with Chagas disease in the Central-North area of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Revista da SociedadeBrasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2018 Apr;51(2):225-30.
17. Chan YC, Fung HT, Lee CK, Tsui SH, Ngan HK, Sy MY, Tse ML, Kam CW, Wong GC, Tong HK, Lit AC. A prospective epidemiological study of acute poisoning in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2005 Jul;12(3):156-61.
18. Patil A, Peddawad R, Verma VC, Gandhi H. Profile of acute poisoning cases treated in a tertiary care hospital: a Study in Navi Mumbai. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2014 Mar 1;3(1):36-40.
19.Bari MS, Chakraborty SR, Alam MM, Qayyum JA, Hassan N, Chowdhury FR. Four-year study on acute poisoning cases admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh: emerging trend of poisoning in commuters. Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2014 Dec 1;3(4):152-6.
20. Maleki M, Shaikhi N. Epidemiology of adult poisoning in Talegani hospital of Urmia 1383-1386. Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. 2010 Jul 10;8(2):0-.
21. Torkashvand F, SheikhFathollahi M, Shamsi S, Kamali M, Rezaeian M. Evaluating the pattern of acute poisoning in cases referred to the Emergency Department of Ali-ebn Abi Taleb Hospital of Rafsanjan from October 2013 to September 2014. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;14(4):311-24.
22.Aryaie M, Dokoohaki R, RezaeianMehrabadi A, Bakhsha F. Epidemiological Study of Poisoning in Teaching Hospitals in Shiraz in 1387. Alborz University Medical Journal. 2012;1(2):71-6.
23.Islambulchilar M, Islambulchilar Z, Kargar-Maher MH. Acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Human & experimental toxicology. 2009 Apr;28(4):185-90.
24.Jailkhani SM, Naik JD, Thakur MS, Langare SD, Pandey VO. Retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Recent Trends Sci Technol. 2014;10(2):365-8.
25.Azin SA, Omidvari S, Ebadi M, Montazeri A. Self poisoning with suicidal intent--Part 2. Payesh health monitor. 2008;7(2):107-14.
26. Soltaninejad K, Shadnia S. Lead poisoning in opium abuser in Iran: A systematic review. International journal of preventive medicine. 2018;9.
27. Shadnia S, Esmaily H, Sasanian G, Pajoumand A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Abdollahi M. Pattern of acute poisoning in Tehran-Iran in 2003. Human & experimental toxicology. 2007 Sep;26(9):753-6.
28. Moradi M, Ghaemi K, Mehrpour O. A hospital base epidemiology and pattern of acute adult poisoning across Iran: a systematic review. Electronic physician. 2016 Sep;8(9):2860.
29..Mehrpour O, Akbari A, Jahani F, Amirabadizadeh A, Allahyari E, Mansouri B, Ng PC. Epidemiological and clinical profiles of acute poisoning in patients admitted to the intensive care unit in eastern Iran (2010 to 2017). BMC emergency medicine. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-9.
30.Gheshlaghi F, Piri-Ardakani MR, Yaraghi M, Shafiei F, Behjati M. Acute poisoning in children; a population study in Isfahan, Iran, 2008-2010. Iranian journal of pediatrics. 2013 Apr;23(2):189.
31.Dhanya SP, Dhanva TH, Latha RB, Hema CG. A retrospective analysis of the pattern of poisoning in patients admitted to Medical College hospital. Calicut Medical Journal. 2009;7(2):e3.
32. Nadeem MN, Maqdoom M, Akif ME. A Prospective Observational Study on Pattern of Poisoning Cases Reported to Emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in South India. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2020 Dec 30;13(4):1863-9.
33. Mehdizadeh G, Manouchehri AA, Zarghami A, Moghadamnia AA. Prevalence and causes of poisoning in patients admitted to ShahidBeheshti hospital of Babol in 2011-2012. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2015 Jul 10;17(7):22-8.
34.Güloglu C, Kara IH. Acute poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital emergency department in Diyarbakir, Turkey. Human & experimental toxicology. 2005 Feb;24(2):49-54.
35. Woyessa AH, Palanichamy T. Patterns, associated factors, and clinical outcomes of poisoning among poisoning cases presented to selected hospitals in Western Ethiopia: hospital-based study. Emergency medicine international. 2020 May 6;2020.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7 No 4 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v7i4.10393 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Poisoning emergency care epidemiology opium Drug overdose | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Eazari E, Nazari S, Ebnehosseini Z, Akhavan R, Tabesh H. Analysis of the Pattern of Poisoning in Patients Admitted to a Large Teaching Hospital in Iran. JBE. 2021;7(4):360-370.
